Division of Urologic Pathology
An Allina Health System Affiliated Laboratory

Selected References for Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms:

1. Sauter G, Algaba F, Amin ME, Busch C et a1: Non-invasive urothelial tumours. In: Epstein JI, Eble IN, Sesterhenn I, Sauter G (eds): World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. IARC Press, Lyon, 2004; pp 110.

2. Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VB, Mostofi FK: The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Am J Surg Pathol 22:1435-1448, 1998.

3. Malmstrom P-U, Busch C, Norlen BJ. Recurrence, progression, and survival in bladder cancer: a retrospective analysis of232 patients with 5-year follow-up. Scand J UroI NephroI 1987;21:185-195.

4. Eble IN, Young RH: Benign and low-grade papillary lesions of the urinary bladder: a review of the papilloma-papillary carcinoma controversy and a report of 5 typical papillomas. Sem Diagn PathoI 6:351-371, 1989.

5. Amin MB, Murphy WM, Reuter VE, et al: Controversies in the pathology of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. In: Rosen PP, Fechner RE (eds): Reviews in Pathology, Chicago IL, ASCP Press, 1996, pp.I-38.

6. Kunze E, Schauer A, Schmitt M. Histology and histogenesis of two different types of inverted urothelial papillomas. Cancer 1983;51:348-358.

7. Demeester LJ, Farrow GM, Utz DC. Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder. Cancer 1975;36:505-513.

8. Broussard IN, Tan PH, Epstein JI. Atypia in inverted urothelial papillomas: pathology and prognostic significance. Hum PathoI 2004;35:1499-1504.

9. Amin MB, Gomez JA, Young RH. Urothelial transitional cell carcinoma with endophytic growth patterns: a discussion of patterns of invasion and problems associated with assessment of invasion in 18 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21: 1057-1068

10. Cheng L, Darson M, Cheville JC, Neumann RM, Zincke H, Nehru A, Bostwick DG: Urothelial papilloma of the bladder. Clinical and biologic implications. Cancer 86:2098-2101, 1999.

11. Magi-Galluzzi C, Epstein JI. Urothelial papilloma of the bladder. A review of 34 de novo cases. Am J SurgPathoI2004;28:1615-1620.

12. McKenney, Amin MB, Young RH. Urothelial (transitional cell) papilloma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Mod Patho12003; 16:623-9.

13. Holmang S, Hedelin H, Anderstrom C, Holmberg E, Busch C, Johansson S: Recurrence and progression in low-grade papillary urothelial tumors. J Ural 1999;162:702-707.

14. Cheng L, Neumann RM, Bostwick DG: Papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential. Clinical and biologic implications. Cancer 1999;86:2102-2108.

15. Pich A, Chiusa L, Formiconi A, Galliano D, Bortolin P, Navone R. Biologic differences between noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential and low-grade (grade 1) papillary carcinoma of the bladder. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1528-1533.

16. Alsheikh A, Mohamedali Z, Jones E, Masterson J, Gilks CB. Comparison of the WHO/ISUP classification and cytokeratin 20 expression in predicting the behavior of low-grade papillary urothelial tumors. Mod PathoI 2001;14:267-272. .

17. Desai S, Lim SD, Jimenez RE, Chun T, Keane TE, McKenney JK, Zavala- Pompa A, Cohen C, Young RH, Amin MB: Relationship. of cytokeratin 20 and CD44 protein expression with WHO/ISUP grade in pTa and pTI papillary urothelial neoplasia. ModPathoI2000;13:1315-1323.

18. Holmang S, Andius P, Hedelin H, Wester K, Busch C, Johansson SL: Stage progression in Ta papillary urothelial tumors: relationship to grade, immunohistochemical expression of tumor markers, mitotic frequency and DNA ploidy. J UroI2001;165:1124-1128.

19. Oosterhuis JW, Schapers RF, Janssen-Heijnen ML; Paulwels RP, Newling DW, ten Kate F. Histological grading of papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: prognostic value of the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification system and comparison with conventional grading systems. JClin PathoI2002;55:900-905.

20. Samaratunga H, Makarov DV, Epstein n. Comparison of WHO/IS UP and WHO classification of noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasms for risk of progression. Urology 2002;60:315-319.

Selected References for Flat Urothelial Lesions:

1. Taylor DC, Bhagavan BS, Larsen MP, Cox JA, Epstein JI.  Papillary urothelian hyperplasia.  A precursor to papillary neoplasms.  AM J Surg Pathol 1996; 20; 1481-88.
2. Oberman EC, Junker K, Stoehr R, Dietmaier W, Zaak d, Schubert GE, Hofstaedter F, Knuechel R, Hartmann A. Frequent genetic alterations in flat urothelial hyperplasias and comcomitant papillary bladder cancer as detected by CGH, LOH, and FISH analyses. J Pathol 2003;199:50- 7.
3. Amin MB, Grignon DJ, Eble IN, Reuter VE, Ro JY, Srigley JR, Weiss MA, Young RH: Intraepitheliallesions of the urothelium: An interobserver reproducibility study with proposed terminology and histologic criteria. Mod Pathol 1997;10:69A
4. Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, Mostofi FK: The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification ofurothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder.  Am J SurgPathol 1998;22:1435-1448.
5. Sauter G, Algaba F, Amin MB, Busch C et al: Non-invasive urothelial tumours. In: Epstein JI, Eble IN, Sesterhenn I, Sauter G (eds): World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. IARC Press, Lyon, 2004; pp 110.
6. Ayala AG, Ro JY: Premalignant lesions ofurothelium and transitional cell tumors, in Young R.H. (ed): Contemporary Issues in Surgical Pathology: Pathology of the Urinary Bladder. Churchill Livingstone, New York, NY, 65-101, 1989.
7. Murphy WM, Soloway MS (eds): Developing carcinoma (dysplasia) of the urinary bladder, in Sommers SC, Rosen PP (eds): Pathology Annual, 17. Norwalk, CT, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 197-217, 1982.
8. Amin MB, Murphy WM, Reuter VE, et al: Controversies in the pathology of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, in Rosen PP, Fechner RE (eds): Reviews in Pathology, Chicago, IL, ASCP Press, 1-38, 1996.
9. McKenney JK, Gomez JA, Desai S, Lee MW, Amin MB: Morphologic- expressions ofurothelial carcinomas in situ: a detailed evaluation of its histologic patterns with emphasis on carcinoma in situ with microinvasion. Am J Surg Pathol 25:356-362,2001.
10. Jiminez RE, Keane TE, Hardy H, Amin MB. pT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: criteria for diagnosis, pitfalls, and clinical implications. AdvAnatPathol 2000;7:13-25.
11. Amin MB, Young RH: Intraepitheliallesions of the urinary bladder with a discussion of the histogenesis ofurothelial neoplasia. Semin Diag Pathol 14:84- 97, 1997.
12. McKenney JK, Desai S, Cohen C, Amin MB. Discriminatory immunohistochemical staining ofurothelial carcinoma in situ and non-neoplastic urothelium. An analysis of cytokeratin 20, p53, and CD44 antigens. AmJ SurgPathol 2001;25:1074-78.
13. Harnden P, Eardley I, Joyce AD et al. Cytokeratin 20 as an objective marker ofurothelial dysplasia. Br J Urol 1996;78:870-5.
14. Murphy WM, Soloway MS, Finebaum PJ: Pathologic changes associated with topical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 1980;126:461- 465.
15. Amin ME, Gomez JA, Young RH: Urothelial transitional cell carcinoma with endoPhyt)i" growth patterns. A discussion of patterns of invasion and problems associated with carcinoma-in-situ. J UroI 1976;116:575-580.
16. Amin MB, McKenney JK: An approach to the diagnosis of flat intraepithelial1esions of the urinary bladder using the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification system. Adv Anat PathoI 2002;9:222-232.
17. Koss LG: "Diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic basis," 4th Edition. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1992.
18. Zuk RJ, Rogers HS, Martin JE, et al: Clinicopathological importance of primary dysplasia of bladder. JClin PathoI 1988;41:1277-1280.
19. Murphy WM, Miller A W: Bladder cancer, in Javadpour NE (ed): Baltimore, MD, William & Wilkins, 100-122, 1984.
20. Smith G, Elton RA, Beynon LL: Prognostic significance of biopsy results of normal- looking mucosa in cases of superficial bladder cancer. BrJ UroI 1983;55:665-669.
21. Althausen AF, Prout GRJ, Dal JJ: Noninvasive papillary carcinoma of the bladder associated with carcinoma-in-situ. J UroI 1976;116:575-580.
22. Cheng L, Cheville JC, Neumann RM, Bostwick DG: Flat intraepithelial lesions of the urinary bladder. Cancer 2000;88 :625-631.
23. Amin MB. Urothelial dysplasia. In World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetic Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Editors: Eble IN, Sauter G, Epstein J, Sesterhenn I; IARC Press, Lyon, 2004; pages 111-112.
24. Lamm DL: Carcinoma in situ. Urol Clin North Am 19:499-508, 1992.
25. Murphy WM, Soloway MS: Urothelial dysplasia. J UroI 1982;127:849- 854.
26. Weinstein RS, Miller A W, Pauli BU: Carcinoma in situ: Comments on the pathobiology of a paradox. Urol Clin of North America vol 7, No.3, 1980.
27. Orozco RE, Martin AA, Murphy WM: Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: Clues to host involvement in human carcinogenesis. Cancer 1994;76115- 122.
28. Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA. Pathology of epithelial tumors and carcinoma in situ of bladder: Bladder cancer. Progress Clin Bio Res 1984;162A:55- 74.